Recent Scheme of Work on Biology

Syllabus for Senior Secondary




FIRST TERM
SSS 1 SSS 2 SSS 3
WEEK 1: Revision
WEEK 1: Revision
WEEK 1: Revision
WEEK 2

Theme: Organization Of Life

Topic: Recognizing Living Things

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1.Characteristics of living things
2. Differences between plants and animals
3. Organisation of life
(a) levels of organisation of life:
- Cell (Euglena, paramecium
- Tissue (hydra)
- Organ (Onion bulb, the heart of a cow)
- System (e.g. digestive system, excretory system)
(b) Complexity of organisation in higher organisms:
advantages and disadvantages
WEEK 2

Theme: Organization Of Life

Topic: Classification of Plants

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Botanical classification :
(i) Thallophytes (Algae)
(ii) Spermatophytes (the seed bearing plants)
2. Agricultural classification:
(i) Cereals - maize, rice;
(Ii) Legumes - cowpea, groundnuts
(iii) Root Crops - cassava, yam.
(iv) Vegetables - tomato, okra, Onion
(v) Fruits - banana, pawpaw
(vi) Beverages and drugs - coffee, tobacco.
(vii) Spices - ginger, pepper
(viii) Oil - coconut, palm fruit.
3. Plants classified on the span of their life cycles :
(i) Annuals
(ii) Biennials
(iii) Perennials
WEEK 2

Theme: The Organism At Work

Topic: Regulation of Internal Environment

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Homeostatic organs. Substances involved in homeostasis.
2. The kidney :
(i) structure, functions and diseases of the kidney:
(ii) the effects of kidney diseases and remedy
3. The liver :
(i) structure, functions and diseases of the liver, bile products
(ii) the effects of liver diseases and remedy.
4. (i) Endocrine glands.
(ii) Effects of over production or under production of the hormones.
(iii) Substances produced by glands (Hormones).
5. Plant Hormones: - Explain the effects of auxias on lateral bud development, leaf fall and initiations of adventitious roots.
6. Mention other types of plant hormones and functions.
7. Modern application of auxias effects (NAA) with reference to early flowering, crop harvests and weed control (as selective weeds kill dicotyledonous plants).
8. The Skin :
(i) Structure of the mammalian skin.
(ii) Functions of the mammalian skin.
(iii) care of the mammalian skin.
WEEK 3

Theme: Organization Of Life

Topic: Classification of Living Things
Kingdoms: Monera, Protista and Fungi, Plantae and Animalia

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Kingdom Monera (Prokaryotes): single-celled, motile or non-motile organisms.
No definite nucleus.
Bacteria and blue-green algae make up this kingdom.
2. Kingdom Protista (Eukaryotes) Single-celled, motile or non-motile organisms.
Complex Cell structure with definite nucleus e.g. Chlamydomonas and Amoeba
3. Kingdom Fungi (Eukaryotes): mainly nonmotile organisms, composed of hyphae containing nuclei e.g. moulds, mushrooms and Rhizopus
4. Kingdom Plantae (Eucaryotes) Many-celled, non-motile organisms which contain chlorophyll that enable them to photosynthesize.
Members include mosses, ferns, pines, oil palms and yam plants
5. Kingdom Animalia (Eucaryotes) Many-Celled, motile organisms that feed on other organisms.
Members include corals, worms, insects, snails, fishes, frogs, snakes, monkeys and cows.
WEEK 3

Theme: The Organism At Work

Topic: Digestive System

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Types of alimentary tracts
2. Description and functions of parts of the alimentary canal.
3. Modifications of parts to affect their digestive functions.
4. Feeding habits: categories and mechanisms.
5 Feeding in protozoa, hydra and mammals.
6 Modifications in the feeding habits of:
(I) filter feeders.
(ii) fluid feeders.
(iii) insects feeders.
(iv) parasitic and saprophytic feeders.
WEEK 3

Theme: The Organism At Work

Topic: Nervous Co-ordination

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Organisation of the nervous system :
(i) CNS
(ii) PNS
2. The Brain: Position, structure and functions.
3. The spinal Cord: Position, structure and functions.
4. PNS (Peripheral nervous system)
- Somatic N.S.
- Autonomic N.S.
- Parasympathetic N.S.
- Sympathetic N.S.
5. Structure and functions of a neuron (motor neuron, sensory neuron and relay neuron).
6. Reflex and voluntary actions (Pavlov (1910) experiments on dogs, food and bell).
WEEK 4

Theme: Organization Of Life

Topic:
1. The cell LESSON NOTE
2. Microscope LESSON NOTE
3. Magnification & Resolution Of Compound microscope LESSON NOTE

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Cell as a living unit of an organism
2. Forms in which living cells exist :
i. Independent organism
ii. As a colony
iii. As a filament
3. Cell structure
i. the cell theory
ii. Cell structure and functions of cell components
iii. Differences and similarities between plant and animal
WEEK 4

Theme: The Organism At Work

Topic: Transportation System
1. Circulating System LESSON NOTE
2. Human Circulating System LESSON NOTE
3. Transport in Plants LESSON NOTE

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Definition of diffusion and osmosis and the principle behind them
2. Need for diffusion.
3. Transport system in large organisms.
4. Need for substances to move over greater distances.
5. Materials for transportation.
6. Structure of arteries, veins, capillaries, vascular bundles.
7. Media of transportation
(i) Fluid as medium of transportation - structure and function of blood
(ii) Cytoplasm in small organisms
(iii) Cell sap or latex in most plants
(iv) Closed and open circulation
8. Mechanism of transportation
(i) Organisms.
(ii) Multicellular organisms.
(iii) Higher animals.
(iv) Higher plants.
9. Absorption of water and material salts.
WEEK 4

Theme: The Organism At Work

Topic: Sense Organs

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Organ of smell
(a) The mechanism of smelling with the help of olfactory chemoreception.
(b) Adaptation for survival - animals that sniff for hunting e.g. Dog - presence of chemoreceptor on butterfly (insects) antennae for sensing its environment.
2. Taste buds on tongue and the part played in tasting.
3. The skin - sensory nerve endings or receptions associated with the skin - touch, deep pressure, - heat and pain.
4. Structure of the ear and part played by its various parts.
5. Organ of Sight: the eye and its various parts.
6. Functions of the eye and part played by light, image formation and accommodation.
7. Eye defects - myopic (shortsightedness)
- Hypermetropic
- Astigmatism
- cataracts
- night blindness
WEEK 5

Theme: Organization Of Life

Topic: The Cell and its Environment

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Diffusion :
i. Definition
ii. Process
iii. Significance
2. Osmosis
i. diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
ii. Hemolysis
iii. Plasmolysis
iv. Osmometer with living Material
v. biological significance of these processes
WEEK 5

Theme: The Organism At Work

Topic: Transportation System (Cont.)

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Definition of diffusion and osmosis and the principle behind them
2. Need for diffusion.
3. Transport system in large organisms.
4. Need for substances to move over greater distances.
5. Materials for transportation.
6. Structure of arteries, veins, capillaries, vascular bundles.
7. Media of transportation
(i) Fluid as medium of transportation - structure and function of blood
(ii) Cytoplasm in small organisms
(iii) Cell sap or latex in most plants
(iv) Closed and open circulation
8. Mechanism of transportation
(i) Organisms.
(ii) Multicellular organisms.
(iii) Higher animals.
(iv) Higher plants.
9. Absorption of water and material salts.
WEEK 5

Theme: The Organism At Work

Topic: Sense Organs (Cont.)

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Organ of smell
(a) The mechanism of smelling with the help of olfactory chemoreception.
(b) Adaptation for survival - animals that sniff for hunting e.g. Dog - presence of chemoreceptor on butterfly (insects) antennae for sensing its environment.
2. Taste buds on tongue and the part played in tasting.
3. The skin - sensory nerve endings or receptions associated with the skin - touch, deep pressure, - heat and pain.
4. Structure of the ear and part played by its various parts.
5. Organ of Sight: the eye and its various parts.
6. Functions of the eye and part played by light, image formation and accommodation.
7. Eye defects - myopic (shortsightedness)
- Hypermetropic
- Astigmatism
- cataracts
- night blindness
WEEK 6

Theme: Organization Of Life

Topic: Some Properties and 'Functions of the Cell

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Feeding definition and types
(i) micronutrients
(ii) macronutrients
2. Cellular Respiration
(i) definition of cellular respiration
(ii) aerobic respiration (catabolism); Krebs cycle
(iii) anaerobic respiration
(iv) Energy release during respiration
3. Anabolism usefulness of food
4. Autotrophy
(i) photosynthesis
(ii) chemosynthesis
5. Heterotrophy
6. Role of enzymes
7. Excretion
8. Excretory organelles in living cells
(ii) waste products of metabolic activities of living cells
(iii) forms in which waste products are excreted
9. Growth :
(i) basis of growth-cell division (mitosis) enlargement and differentiation
(ii) regulation of growth by hormones
10. Cell reactions to its environment
(i) Irritability as basic characteristics of the protoplasm
(Iii) Types of responses
11. Movement:
(i) Cyclosis
(ii) Organelles for Movement
(iii) Growth movement as regulated by auxins
12. Reproduction: Forms of reproduction
a) Asexual:
(i) Fission
(ii) Building
(iii) Vegetative propagation
(b) Sexual:
(i) Conjugation
(ii) Fusion of male and Female gametes, meiosis, structure and functions of the male and female gonads.
WEEK 6

Theme: The Organism At Work

Topic: Respiratory System

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Type of respiratory systems :
(i) Body surface respiration
(ii) coetaneous respiration
(iii) Gills
(iv) Tracheal system
(v) Lungs
2. Mechanisms of respiratory system in :
(i) Higher animals.
(ii) Lower animals.
(iii) Plants.
3. Mechanisms of gaseous exchange through the stomata of plants.
WEEK 6

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Ecology of Population LESSON NOTE

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Succession:
(i) Meaning of succession
(ii) Structural changes in species composition, variety and increase in number.
(iii) Primary succession - in an aquatic habitat, - in a terrestrial habitat.
(iv) Secondary succession - meaning and examples.
(v) Characteristics of a stable community.
2. Overcrowding :
(i) Population density studies vis-a-vis available resources.
(ii) Importance of factors affecting population e.g. Space.
3. Explain the relationship between competition and succession.
4. Factors that may cause overcrowding e.g. increased mortality, reduced death rate, absence of predators etc.
5. Discuss measures adopted by nature to avoid overcrowding e.g. dispersal of seeds and fruits, migration of organisms during unfavorable periods, territorial behavior in some organisms e.g. lizards.
6. Discuss the effects of food shortage :
- Competition.
- Reproduction
- Emigration
- Increase in mortality rate.
WEEK 7

Theme: The Organization At Work

Topic: Tissues and Supporting Systems

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Skeleton and supporting systems in animals :
(i) Biological significance.
(ii) Forms e.g. chitin, cartilages and bones.
2. Types of skeleton :
(i) Hydrostatic skeleton.
(ii) Exo-skeleton.
(iii) Endo-skeleton.
3. Vertebrate skeletons :
- the skull,
- sternum and ribs.
- limb girdles.
- limbs.
4. Bones of the vertebral column.
5. Different types of supporting tissues in plants :
- location and arrangement of structural components.
6. Functions of skeleton in animals :
(i) protection
(ii) support
(iii) locomotion
7. Functions of supporting tissues in plants :
(i) strength
(ii) rigidity
(iii) resistance. Against the forces of wind and water
WEEK 7

Theme: The Organism At Work

Topic: Respiratory System (Cont.)

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Type of respiratory systems :
(i) Body surface respiration
(ii) coetaneous respiration
(iii) Gills
(iv) Tracheal system
(v) Lungs
2. Mechanisms of respiratory system in :
(i) Higher animals.
(ii) Lower animals.
(iii) Plants.
3. Mechanisms of gaseous exchange through the stomata of plants.
WEEK 7

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Ecology of Population (Cont.)

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Succession:
(i) Meaning of succession
(ii) Structural changes in species composition, variety and increase in number.
(iii) Primary succession - in an aquatic habitat, - in a terrestrial habitat.
(iv) Secondary succession - meaning and examples.
(v) Characteristics of a stable community.
2. Overcrowding :
(i) Population density studies vis-a-vis available resources.
(ii) Importance of factors affecting population e.g. Space.
3. Explain the relationship between competition and succession.
4. Factors that may cause overcrowding e.g. increased mortality, reduced death rate, absence of predators etc.
5. Discuss measures adopted by nature to avoid overcrowding e.g. dispersal of seeds and fruits, migration of organisms during unfavorable periods, territorial behavior in some organisms e.g. lizards.
6. Discuss the effects of food shortage :
- Competition.
- Reproduction
- Emigration
- Increase in mortality rate.
WEEK 8

Theme: The Organization At Work

Topic: Nutrition in Animals

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Food Substances.
Feeding mechanisms in holozoic organisms:
- Filter feeding
- Deposit feeding
- Fluid feeding
(a) Types of food substances.
(i) Carbohydrates.
(ii) Fats and Oils
(iii) Proteins.
(iv) Mineral salts.
(v) Vitamins.
(vi) Water.
(b) Balanced
2. Mammalian teeth:
(a) The different types of teeth
(i) Incisors.
(ii) Canines.
(iii) Premolars
(iv) Molars
(b) Structure of a tooth.
(c) Dental formula.
(d) Adaptations of dentition to mode of nutrition.
3. Enzymes :
(a) what are enzymes
(b) characteristics of enzymes
(c) classification of enzymes
(d) importance of enzymes
WEEK 8

Theme: The Organism At Work

Topic: Excretory System

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Excretory systems :
(i) Contractile vacuoles.
(ii) flame cells
(iii) Malpighian tubules Kidney Stomata and lenticels.
2. Excretory mechanism in :
(i) Earthworm.
(ii) Insects.
(iii) Mammals.
WEEK 8

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Balance in Nature

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Factors affecting a population :
(i) Abiotic - light, space, heat, water etc.
(ii) Biotic - food, competition (inter specific and intra specific), mortality, parasites, predators etc.
2. Dynamic equilibrium in nature and factors that maintain it.
(i) Density independent factors like availability of food.
(ii) Density dependent factors e.g. natural disasters.
3. Family planning: natural and artificial method used by man to control his population.
WEEK 9

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Basic Ecological Concepts

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Ecosystem -
Components and sizes:
(i) Ecological concepts
- environment
- biosphere
- lithosphere
- hydrosphere
- atmosphere
- habitats
- niche
- population biotic community (biome)
- ecosystem
(ii) Components of an ecosystem
2. Local biotic communities or biomes.
(i) Tropical rainforest.
(ii) Southern guinea savanna.
(iii) Northern guinea savanna.
(iv) Sahel Savanna.
(v) Desert.
(vi) Swamp/estuarine regions.
3. Major biomes of the world:
(i) Tropical forest
(ii) Savanna
(iii) Desert
(iv) Shrub
(v) Afro-alpine
(vi) Swamp
4. Population studies by sampling method :
(i) population size
(ii) dominance
(iii) density
(iv) factors that affect population.
5. Ecological factor :
aquatic, terrestrial, and factors common to all habitats.
Importance of ecological factors to populations of animals and plants.
6. Relationship between soil types and water holding effect of soil on vegetation.
7. Simple measurement of ecological factors.
(i) (a) physical factors: climatic, topographic and gaseous
(b) edaphic factors: chemical and physical composition, moisture content and thickness of soil.
WEEK 9

Theme: The Organism At Work

Topic: Excretory System (Cont.)

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Excretory systems :
(i) Contractile vacuoles.
(ii) flame cells
(iii) Malpighian tubules Kidney Stomata and lenticels.
2. Excretory mechanism in :
(i) Earthworm.
(ii) Insects.
(iii) Mammals.
WEEK 9

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Balance in Nature (Cont.)

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Factors affecting a population :
(i) Abiotic - light, space, heat, water etc.
(ii) Biotic - food, competition (inter specific and intra specific), mortality, parasites, predators etc.
2. Dynamic equilibrium in nature and factors that maintain it.
(i) Density independent factors like availability of food.
(ii) Density dependent factors e.g. natural disasters.
3. Family planning: natural and artificial method used by man to control his population.

WEEK 10: REVISION AND EXAMININATION
WEEK 10: REVISION AND EXAMININATION
WEEK 10: REVISION AND EXAMININATION
SECOND TERM
SSS 1 SSS 2 SSS 3
WEEK 1: Revision
WEEK 1: Revision
WEEK 1: Revision
WEEK 2

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Functioning Ecosystem, Autotrophy and Heterotrophy - Food Webs and Tropic Levels

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Autotrophy and heterotrophy
(i) producers (autotrophs)
(ii) consumers (heterotrophs)
(iii) aquatic and terrestrial examples of producers and consumers.
2. Trophic levels
(a) Energy relationship: Concepts of
(i) food chain
(ii) food web.
(b) Non-cycle nature of chemical energy transfer.
(c) Nutrient movement
3. Energy flow
(i) Food/energy relationship in aquatic and terrestrial environments.
(ii) Pyramid of energy/numbers
(iii) Nature of energy flow in described by food chains.
WEEK 2

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Nutrient Cycling in Nature

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Carbon and Oxygen Cycles:
(a) The Carbon Cycle (i) Definition.
(ii) The process of carbon cycling.
(iii) The importance of carbon cycle for life.
(b) The Oxygen Cycle
(i) The process of oxygen cycling.
(ii) The importance of oxygen to living org
2. The Water Cycle :
(i) The process of water cycling
(ii) Importance of water to living organisms.
3. The Nitrogen Cycle :
(i) Importance of nitrogen to plants and animals.
(ii) The process of nitrogen. Cycling
4. Decomposition in Nature
(i) Micro and macro decomposers
(ii) Role of decomposers.
WEEK 2

Theme: Continuity Of Life

Topic: Reproductive System and Reproduction in Humans

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Reproductive systems in male and female (human):
(i) Functions of its various parts.
(ii) The structure of a male sperm cell and structure of an ovum.
2. Fertilization :
(i) Fusion of gametes.
(ii) Implantation.
3. Development of Embryo:
(i) Selective exchange between mother -and child.
(ii) Removal of excretory products from foetus.
(iii) Survival conditions like food, oxygen, amniotic fluid, placenta and umbilical cord.
WEEK 3

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Energy Transformation in Nature

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Energy loss in the ecosystem:
(i) Solar radiation: its intake and loss at the earth's surface
(ii) Energy loss in the biosphere
(iii) measures of primary production e.g. the amount and rate of energy fixation.
2. Laws of thermodynamics :
- First law.
- Second law.
Application of both law to ecological phenomena.
WEEK 3

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Nutrient Cycling in Nature (Cont.)

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Carbon and Oxygen Cycles:
(a) The Carbon Cycle (i) Definition.
(ii) The process of carbon cycling.
(iii) The importance of carbon cycle for life.
(b) The Oxygen Cycle
(i) The process of oxygen cycling.
(ii) The importance of oxygen to living org
2. The Water Cycle :
(i) The process of water cycling
(ii) Importance of water to living organisms.
3. The Nitrogen Cycle :
(i) Importance of nitrogen to plants and animals.
(ii) The process of nitrogen. Cycling
4. Decomposition in Nature
(i) Micro and macro decomposers
(ii) Role of decomposers.
WEEK 3

Theme: Continuity Of Life

Topic: Development of New Seeds

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Progress of development of zygote in the flowering plant :
(i) pistil
(ii) stem
(iii) germ plasm
(iv) fertilization.
2. Germination of seeds :
(i) Types of germination.
(ii) Conditions necessary for germination.
WEEK 4

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Relevance of Biology to Agriculture

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Classification of plants :
(i) Botanical classification (e.g. algae, spermatophytes)
(ii) Agricultural classification (e.g. Fibers, latex)
(iii) Classification based on life cycles (e.g. annuals, perennials)
2. Effects of agricultural activities on ecological systems
(i) Bush clearing/burning
(ii) tillage
(iii) fertilization/herbicide and their effects
(iv) effects of different types of farming on ecological systems
3. Pests and diseases of agricultural importance
(i) knowledge of pests (types, life cycles, control)
(ii) diseases (types, control)
4. Food production and storage:
(i) Ways of improving crop yield.
(ii) Causes of wastage.
(Iii) Methods of preserving and storing food.
5. Population growth and food supply.
Reproduction and population growth.
6. Relationship between availability of food and human population.
Effects of food storage.
7. Government efforts to increase food production e.g. agricultural revolution.
WEEK 4

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Ecological Management: Association, Tolerance, Adaptation, Pollution

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Types of association :
(i) Symbiosis - mutual benefits.
(1i) Parasitism - harmful to host.
(iii) Mutualism - beneficial to both independent living possible.
(iv) Commensalisms - host. Unaffected while the commensal benefits.
2. Features of biological importance possessed by organisms of an association.
WEEK 4

Theme: Continuity Of Life

Topic: Fruits

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Structure of fruits.
2. Types of fruits.
3. Dispersal of fruits and seeds.
4. Agents of disposal
WEEK 5

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Micro-organisms around us

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Micro-organisms in air and water :
(i) group of microorganisms: bacteria, viruses, some algae, protozoa and some fungi
(ii) concept of culturing
2. Identification of microorganisms in :
(i) air
(ii) pond water
(iii) river
(iv) stream
3. Micro-organisms in our bodies and food: ways in which and places through which micro-organisms enter our bodies
4. Carriers of microorganisms.
Examples of carriers of microorganisms, location of microorganisms in carriers.
Types of microorganisms
WEEK 5

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Ecological Management: Association, Tolerance, Adaptation, Pollution (Cont.)

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Types of association :
(i) Symbiosis - mutual benefits.
(1i) Parasitism - harmful to host.
(iii) Mutualism - beneficial to both independent living possible.
(iv) Commensalisms - host. Unaffected while the commensal benefits.
2. Features of biological importance possessed by organisms of an association.
WEEK 5

Theme: Continuity Of Life

Topic: Reproductive Behaviors

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Pairing
2. Territoriality
3. Display of colours and body parts
4. Seasonal migration
WEEK 6

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Micro-organisms in action

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Growth of micro-organisms: ways of measuring the growth of microorganisms.
2. Beneficial effects e.g. in nature, medicine and industries.
3. Harmful effects of some microbes
(i) Types of Disease-causing microorganisms
(ii) Diseases caused by microorganisms
(iii) Ways in which disease causing (Pathogenic) microorganisms spread and are transmitted.
WEEK 6

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Conservation of Natural Resources

Sub-Topic:
Content:
Conservation of natural resources
(i) What is means
(ii) Ways of ensuring it.
- agencies responsible for conservation.
- legislation
- education
- erection of parks and reserves.
(iii) Benefits of conservation
WEEK 6

Theme: Continuity Of Life

Topic: Biology of Heredity (Genetics)

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Transmission and expression of characters in organisms :
(i) Hereditary variations
(ii) characters that can be transmitted and how they are transmitted
(iii) How characters manifest from generation to generation.
2. Chromosomes, the basis of hereditary
(i) Location
(ii) structure
(iii) role in and processes of transmission of hereditary characters from parents to offspring.
3. Probability in genetics.
4. Application of the principles of heredity:
(i) In agriculture:
- Improved varieties.
- Diseases resistant.
- Varieties.
(ii) In medicine advice for couples in relation to the sickle cell gene.
5. Explain the terms :
- Cross fertilization
- Self-fertilization.
- Out and in-breeding using Mendelian crosses.
WEEK 7

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Towards better health

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Control of harmful microorganisms :
Control of disease-causing microorganisms, high temperature, antibiotics, high salinity, antiseptics, dehydration.
2. Vectors :
(i) definition
(ii) ways of controlling vectors.
3. Students' health: Maintenance of good health
(a) importance to community
(b) ways in which communities do these:
(i) refuse disposal
(ii) sewage disposal
(iii) protection of water
(iv) protection of food
(v) control of diseases
(vi) health organization
WEEK 7

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Conservation of Natural Resources (Cont.)

Sub-Topic:
Content:
Conservation of natural resources
(i) What is means
(ii) Ways of ensuring it.
- agencies responsible for conservation.
- legislation
- education
- erection of parks and reserves.
(iii) Benefits of conservation
WEEK 7

Theme: Continuity Of Life

Topic: Variation and Evolution

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Morphological variation (physical appearance) which can be :
(i) Continuous (size, weight, height).
(ii) Discontinuous
(a) (colour, skin, eye hair, coat of animal.
(b) Finger prints.
2. Physiological variations
(i) Behavior
(ii) Ability to roll the tongue
(iii) Ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC)
(iv) Differences in blood groups (A, B, AB and 0).
3. Application of Variation (i) Crime detection
(finger prints) of dangerous weapons.
(ii) Blood transfusion.
(iii) Determination of paternity.
WEEK 8

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Towards better health Cont.

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Control of harmful microorganisms :
Control of disease-causing microorganisms, high temperature, antibiotics, high salinity, antiseptics, dehydration.
2. Vectors :
(i) definition
(ii) ways of controlling vectors.
3. Students' health: Maintenance of good health
(a) importance to community
(b) ways in which communities do these:
(i) refuse disposal
(ii) sewage disposal
(iii) protection of water
(iv) protection of food
(v) control of diseases
(vi) health organization
WEEK 8

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Pests and Diseases of Crops

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Definition of pests
2. Classification of pest by:
(i) The part they attack- (stem borers, root feeders, leaf feeders, young shoot feeders, plant and seed feeders).
(ii) Their animal type - (invertebrate pests, e.g. Nematodes, Arthropods, locusts, grasshoppers, coleopteran, Lepidoptera larvae of butterflies).
3. Life cycles of pests.
4. Control of pests.
Diseases caused by pest and their agents:
(i) fungal diseases (e.g. Blight, root rot and mildew)
(ii) viral diseases (e.g. mosaic, molting, stunting)
(iii) bacterial diseases (e.g. bacterial wilt, leaf spot, soft rot).
WEEK 8

Theme: Continuity Of Life

Topic: Evolution

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. The progressive change in structures and anatomy of organisms using examples of features of organism from water to land.
2. Structural adaptation: Adaptive colouration and their functions (e.g. camouflage in chameleons, Green snakes in green grasses, Bright colours of flowers to attract pollinations etc).
3. Structural adaptation
(i) for obtaining food e.g. proboscis for sucking sap in insects.
(ii) Protection. and defense e.g. tortoise in shell,
(iii) Mimicry colours for securing mates for regulating body temperature etc.
4. Different castes of termites and their roles.
5. Different castes of bees and the roles they play in their social life.
Theories of Evolution
6. The theories of evolution according to Charles Darwin, Jean Baptist de Lamar
- law of use and disuse
- law of inheritance or acquired characteristics (related to the work of August Weisman using his experiment of mating of mice).
7. Evidence of evolution :
(i) Fossil records.
(ii) Embryology.
8. Forces responsible for evolution: mutation, gene flow, genetic drift.
WEEK 9

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Towards better health Cont.

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Control of harmful microorganisms :
Control of disease-causing microorganisms, high temperature, antibiotics, high salinity, antiseptics, dehydration.
2. Vectors :
(i) definition
(ii) ways of controlling vectors.
3. Students' health: Maintenance of good health
(a) importance to community
(b) ways in which communities do these:
(i) refuse disposal
(ii) sewage disposal
(iii) protection of water
(iv) protection of food
(v) control of diseases
(vi) health organization
WEEK 9

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Pests and Diseases of Crops (Cont.)

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Definition of pests
2. Classification of pest by:
(i) The part they attack- (stem borers, root feeders, leaf feeders, young shoot feeders, plant and seed feeders).
(ii) Their animal type - (invertebrate pests, e.g. Nematodes, Arthropods, locusts, grasshoppers, coleopteran, Lepidoptera larvae of butterflies).
3. Life cycles of pests.
4. Control of pests.
Diseases caused by pest and their agents:
(i) fungal diseases (e.g. Blight, root rot and mildew)
(ii) viral diseases (e.g. mosaic, molting, stunting)
(iii) bacterial diseases (e.g. bacterial wilt, leaf spot, soft rot).
WEEK 9

Theme: Continuity Of Life

Topic: Evolution (Cont.)

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. The progressive change in structures and anatomy of organisms using examples of features of organism from water to land.
2. Structural adaptation: Adaptive colouration and their functions (e.g. camouflage in chameleons, Green snakes in green grasses, Bright colours of flowers to attract pollinations etc).
3. Structural adaptation
(i) for obtaining food e.g. proboscis for sucking sap in insects.
(ii) Protection. and defense e.g. tortoise in shell,
(iii) Mimicry colours for securing mates for regulating body temperature etc.
4. Different castes of termites and their roles.
5. Different castes of bees and the roles they play in their social life.
Theories of Evolution
6. The theories of evolution according to Charles Darwin, Jean Baptist de Lamar
- law of use and disuse
- law of inheritance or acquired characteristics (related to the work of August Weisman using his experiment of mating of mice).
7. Evidence of evolution :
(i) Fossil records.
(ii) Embryology.
8. Forces responsible for evolution: mutation, gene flow, genetic drift.

WEEK 10: REVISION AND EXAMININATION
WEEK 10: REVISION AND EXAMININATION
WEEK 10: REVISION AND EXAMININATION
THIRD TERM
SSS 1 SSS 2 SSS 3
WEEK 1: Revision
WEEK 1: Revision
WEEK 1: Revision
WEEK 2

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Aquatic habitat (Marine Habitat)

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Characteristics of a marine habitat.
2. The major zones :
(i) Inter-tidal zone.
(ii) Littoral zone.
(iii) Oceanic zone.
3. Distribution of the Organisms in the habitat.
4. Adaptive features of marine organisms e.g. bladder for floating, hold fast for attachment.
WEEK 2

Theme: Continuity Of Life

Topic: Reproductive Systems in Vertebrates

Sub-Topic:
Content:
Structures and functions of the reproductive organs of plants.
WEEK 2

Theme:

Topic:

Sub-Topic:
Content:
WEEK 3

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Aquatic habitat (Estuarine Habitat)

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Characteristics of a marine habitat.
2. The major zones :
(i) Inter-tidal zone.
(ii) Littoral zone.
(iii) Oceanic zone.
3. Distribution of the Organisms in the habitat.
4. Adaptive features of marine organisms e.g. bladder for floating, hold fast for attachment.
WEEK 3

Theme: Continuity Of Life

Topic: Reproductive Systems in Vertebrates

Sub-Topic:
Content:
Arrangement of reproductive organs in different plants.
WEEK 3

Theme:

Topic:

Sub-Topic:
Content:
WEEK 4

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Aquatic habitat (Fresh Water Habitat)

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Characteristics of freshwater habitat.
2. Types of freshwater :
(i) Stagnant ones.
(ii) Running water.
3. Adaptive features of fresh water organisms.
4. Fresh-water organisms.
WEEK 4

Theme: Continuity Of Life

Topic: Reproductive Systems in Vertebrates

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Types of flowers :
Hypogenous.
perigynous.
2. Kinds of placentation
WEEK 4

Theme:

Topic:

Sub-Topic:
Content:
WEEK 5

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Terrestrial Habitat (Marsh)

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Characteristics of a marsh.
2. Formation of marshes.
3. Types of marshes.
4. Plants and animals that live in marshes.
5. Adaptive features of these plants and animals.
WEEK 5

Theme: Continuity Of Life

Topic: Reproductive Systems in Plants

Sub-Topic:
Content:
Reproductive Systems in Plants
WEEK 5

Theme:

Topic:

Sub-Topic:
Content:
WEEK 6

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Terrestrial Habitat (Forest)

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Characteristics of a forest.
2. Strata in the forest.
3. Distribution of plants and animals that inhabit a forest.
4. Adaptative features of the plants and animals.
WEEK 6

Theme: Continuity Of Life

Topic: Pollination in Plants

Sub-Topic:
Content:
Pollination in plants:
Types of pollination
- self-pollination
- cross-pollination
(ii) Feature of self-pollinated flower.
(iii) Features of cross-pollinated flowers.
(iv) Agents of pollination
- Water
- Insect
- Wind
- Animals
WEEK 6

Theme:

Topic:

Sub-Topic:
Content:
WEEK 7

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Terrestrial Habitat (Grassland)

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Characteristics of grassland.
2. Types of grassland.
3. Distribution of plants and animals in a grassland.
4. Some adaptations of grassland communities:
(i) air-conditioned nests e.g. by termites
(ii) thick barks e.g. baobab and palms
(iii) leaf fall
(iv) underground stems e.g. grasses.
WEEK 7

Theme: Continuity Of Life

Topic: Pollination in Plants (Cont.)

Sub-Topic:
Content:
Pollination in plants:
Types of pollination
- self-pollination
- cross-pollination
(ii) Feature of self-pollinated flower.
(iii) Features of cross-pollinated flowers.
(iv) Agents of pollination
- Water
- Insect
- Wind
- Animals
WEEK 7

Theme:

Topic:

Sub-Topic:
Content:
WEEK 8

Theme: The Organism And Its Environment

Topic: Terrestrial Habitat (Arid Lands)

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Characteristics of arid lands.
2. Types of arid lands.
3. Distribution of the organisms in the habitat.
4. Some adaptations of organisms to arid lands :
(i) water conservation in plants and animals
(ii) body temperature regulation in plants and animals.
WEEK 8

Theme: Continuity Of Life

Topic: Pollination in Plants (Cont.)

Sub-Topic:
Content:
Pollination in plants:
Types of pollination
- self-pollination
- cross-pollination
(ii) Feature of self-pollinated flower.
(iii) Features of cross-pollinated flowers.
(iv) Agents of pollination
- Water
- Insect
- Wind
- Animals
WEEK 8

Theme:

Topic:

Sub-Topic:
Content:
WEEK 9

Theme: Continuity Of Life

Topic: Reproduction In Unicellular Organisms And Invertebrates

Sub-Topic:
Content:
1. Reproduction in Amoeba by asexual reproduction :
(i) Binary fission.
(ii) Multiple fission.
2. Reproduction in Paramecium by:
(i) Asexual reproduction.
(ii) Sexual reproduction.
3. Reproduction in Spirogyra by:
(i) Asexual or vegetative reproduction.
(ii) Sexual reproduction or conjugation.
4. Reproduction in the Earthworm
sexual reproduction only.
5. Reproduction in Cockroach
(i) Fertilization is internal
(ii) Exhibits incomplete metamorphosis.
6. Reproduction in housefly: Fertilization is internal Exhibits complete metamorphosis.
7. Reproduction in the Snail :
(i) Fertilization is internal
(ii) Lay eggs which hatch into young snails.
WEEK 9

Theme: Continuity Of Life

Topic: Pollination in Plants (Cont.)

Sub-Topic:
Content:
Pollination in plants:
Types of pollination
- self-pollination
- cross-pollination
(ii) Feature of self-pollinated flower.
(iii) Features of cross-pollinated flowers.
(iv) Agents of pollination
- Water
- Insect
- Wind
- Animals
WEEK 9

Theme:

Topic:

Sub-Topic:
Content:

WEEK 10: REVISION AND EXAMININATION
WEEK 10: REVISION AND EXAMININATION
WEEK 10: REVISION AND EXAMININATION





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We provide educational resources/materials, curriculum guide, syllabus, scheme of work, lesson note & plan, waec, jamb, O-level & advance level GCE lessons/tutorial classes, on various topics, subjects, career, disciplines & department etc. for all the Class of Learners

Facts about Teachers

● ● ● Teachers Are Great No Controversy.

● ● ● Teachers are like candles, they burn themselves to light others.

● ● ● Teachers don't teach for the money.

● ● ● Every great mind was once taught by some brilliant teachers.

● ● ● Teachers are the second parents we have.

● ● ● If you can write your name, thank your teacher.

Teaching slogans

● ● ● Until the learner learns the teacher has not taught.

● ● ● I hear and forget, I see and remember, I do and know.

● ● ● The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires.