poetry
General Overview
Subject: Literature-in-English
Theme:
Topic: A General Overview (poetry)
Sub Topic:
Date: dd/mm/yyyy
Class: S.S 3
Average Age: 16 years and above
Duration: 40 Minutes
No of Learners: 40
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Defined poetry.
Poetry is one of the three main genres of literature. Poetry is a form of writing where words are selected not only for their meanings but also for their sound and the images they create. These words are usually arranged in lines with a repeated rhythm, evoking emotions and enabling the poet to express their views on any subject matter. Unlike prose, poetry follows a regular rhythmic pattern and is written in verse.2. List Types of Poetry.
1. Epic Poetry: Epic poetry tells long stories of heroic deeds and great people, particularly those who have become historical figures.Examples include Beowulf and Ulysses by Alfred Lord Tennyson.
2. Satire: Satirical poetry ridicules the actions of individuals or society, intending to teach lessons by mocking their behaviors.
3. Lyric: A lyric poem expresses deep emotions and is often meant to be sung.
An example is To an Athlete Dying Young by A.E. Houseman.
4. Sonnet: A sonnet is a 14-line poem with a set rhyme scheme.
There are two main types:
a. Italian (Petrarchan): Divided into an octave and a sestet, with a rhyme scheme of abbaabba for the octave and varied for the sestet.
b. Shakespearean: Consists of three quatrains and a couplet with a rhyme scheme of abab cdcd efef gg.
5. Romance: Romance poetry deals with themes of love and excitement, often written to entertain.
6. Ode: An ode addresses a specific person or subject, often celebrating or reflecting on something significant.
Examples include Ode to a Nightingale.
7. Elegy: Elegies are poems of mourning or lamentation, usually written to express grief for the dead.
Examples include Lycidas by John Milton.
8. Idyll: This is a short poem that depicts peaceful scenes, often focusing on simple rural life.
Example: Audley Court by Alfred Lord Tennyson.
9. Ballad: Ballads are narrative folk poems meant to be sung, telling tales of love, war, or adventure.
Example: Salute to the Elephant.
10. Didactic Poetry; Didactic poems are intended to teach moral or social lessons.
11. Pastoral Poetry: This type of poetry highlights the simple, communal lives of people in rural settings.
12. Limerick: Limericks are humorous five-line poems.
13. Romantic Poetry: Romantic poetry focuses on the beauty of nature, using imagery from the natural world to explore themes of love and admiration.
Examples include Dover Beach.
14. Parody: A parody imitates another poet’s style, often to mock or criticize the original work.
3. List and explain Elements of Poetry:
1. Diction: Diction refers to the choice of words a poet uses. Effective diction enhances understanding and ensures clarity in poetry.2. Theme: The theme is the central message or subject matter of a poem. It is the core idea the poet wants to convey.
3. Tone: Tone reflects the poet’s attitude toward the subject of the poem, whether it is serious, playful, or sarcastic.
4. Mood: Mood refers to the overall emotional effect of a poem. It reflects the poet’s feelings and can vary from happy to sad, calm to angry.
5. Rhyme: Rhyme is the repetition of similar sounds at the end of lines in a poem, creating a pattern and enhancing its musical quality.
An example of rhyme:
“Love is not love (l)
Which alters when its alteration finds (a)
Or bends with the remover to remove (b)”
6. Poetic Devices: Poetic devices are the techniques poets use to create meaning and enhance their poems. Some common poetic devices include:
(i) Diction: Word choice.
(ii) Mood: Emotional effect.
(iii) Tone: Poet’s attitude.
(iv) Style: The unique way a poet writes.
(v) Structure/Form: How a poem is organized.
(vi) Figures of Speech: Simile, metaphor, personification, etc.
(vii) Imagery: Descriptive language that appeals to the senses.
(viii) Symbolism: Use of symbols to represent ideas.
4. Figures of Speech:
Figures of speech are expressions that make language more vivid, imaginative, and clear. They help to emphasize ideas in a more compelling way.5. Explain the Categories of Figures of Speech:
1. Figures of Similarity or ComparisonSimile: An indirect comparison using "like" or "as." Example: Uche eats like a dog.
Metaphor: A direct comparison between two things. Example: She has a heart of stone.
2. Figures of Imagination
Hyperbole: An exaggeration for emphasis.
Example: Tony is bigger than a two-storey building.
Personification: Giving human traits to non-human objects.
Example: The sun is walking all over the globe.
3. Figures of Sound
Assonance: Repetition of vowel sounds in a line.
Example: I saw a dead devil.
Alliteration: Repetition of consonant sounds in a line.
Example: Flourishing flowers.
Onomatopoeia: Words that imitate sounds.
Example: The bee buzzes.
4. Figures of Association
Irony: Using words with opposite meanings to imply something else.
Example: Uju is the fattest girl in the class (meaning she is thin).
Euphemism: Mild or polite expression for something harsh.
Example: He kicked the bucket (meaning he died).
Paradox: A seemingly contradictory statement that reveals truth.
Example: It is better to give than to receive.
Sarcasm: A sharp, mocking remark.
Example: She looks so beautiful after the beating.
Synecdoche: Using a part to represent the whole or vice versa.
Example: All hands on deck.
Oxymoron: Placing two opposite words side by side.
Example: Open secret.
Metonymy: Using an object closely associated with something to represent it.
Example: The Pulpit should be careful (refers to clergy).
Epigram: A short, witty statement with a deeper meaning.
Example: Nothing is permanent but change.
Antithesis: Using contrast to express an idea.
Example: Man proposes, God disposes.
Repetition: Repeating words for emphasis.
Example: He that will come, will come.
Pun: A play on words with similar sounds but different meanings.
Example: Better be late than the late.
Rhetorical Question: A question asked for effect, not an answer.
Example: Who can battle with God?
Litotes: Understatement using negative terms.
Example: She is not wise (meaning foolish).
Allusion: Reference to events, people, history, or literature.
Example: Obedient to God is bearing the cross (Biblical allusion).
Apostrophe: Addressing an absent person or object directly.
Example: Oh! God, listen to me.
Symbolism: Using symbols to represent ideas or concepts.
Example: The cross represents suffering or Christianity.
Rationale:
Poetry is a form of writing where words are selected not only for their meanings but also for their sound and the images they create. These words are usually arranged in lines with a repeated rhythm, evoking emotions and enabling the poet to express their views on any subject matter. Unlike prose, poetry follows a regular rhythmic pattern and is written in verse.Prerequisite/ Previous knowledge:
Storyings, songs, history etc.Learning Resources:
Flash cards, an audio video youtube examples, Available useful objects.Reference Materials:
1. Exam focus on Literature in English by J.O.J Nwachukwu et’al.2. Standard literature in English vol.4 by Tony Duru
3. Ilozue R.O.C (2018) Authority on Literature in English for schools and colleges
4. Internet sources
Lesson Development:
STAGE |
TEACHER'S ACTIVITY |
LEARNER'S ACTIVITY |
LEARNING POINTS |
|---|---|---|---|
| STEP 1: INTRODUCTION Individual Student |
The teacher asks the student to mention various types of literature materials they have read. | The students mention various types of books they have read e.g. Novel, Poetry, Story books etc. | Identification of Prior Ideas |
| STEP 2: EXPLORATION Entire Class |
The teacher’s leads the students to understand that Poetry is a form of writing where words are selected not only for their meanings but also for their sound and the images they create. These words are usually arranged in lines with a repeated rhythm, evoking emotions and enabling the poet to express their views on any subject matter. Unlike prose, poetry follows a regular rhythmic pattern and is written in verse. | The students should write down what the teacher explains and listen attentively. | Definition of Poetry |
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| STEP 3: DISCUSSION Entire class |
The teacher display the chart and explain Types of Poetry with the students thus: 1. Epic Poetry: Epic poetry tells long stories of heroic deeds and great people, particularly those who have become historical figures. Examples include Beowulf and Ulysses by Alfred Lord Tennyson. 2. Satire: Satirical poetry ridicules the actions of individuals or society, intending to teach lessons by mocking their behaviors. 3. Lyric: A lyric poem expresses deep emotions and is often meant to be sung. An example is To an Athlete Dying Young by A.E. Houseman. 4. Sonnet: A sonnet is a 14-line poem with a set rhyme scheme. There are two main types: a. Italian (Petrarchan): Divided into an octave and a sestet, with a rhyme scheme of abbaabba for the octave and varied for the sestet. b. Shakespearean: Consists of three quatrains and a couplet with a rhyme scheme of abab cdcd efef gg. 5. Romance: Romance poetry deals with themes of love and excitement, often written to entertain. 6. Ode: An ode addresses a specific person or subject, often celebrating or reflecting on something significant. Examples include Ode to a Nightingale. 7. Elegy: Elegies are poems of mourning or lamentation, usually written to express grief for the dead. Examples include Lycidas by John Milton. 8. Idyll: This is a short poem that depicts peaceful scenes, often focusing on simple rural life. Example: Audley Court by Alfred Lord Tennyson. 9. Ballad: Ballads are narrative folk poems meant to be sung, telling tales of love, war, or adventure. Example: Salute to the Elephant. 10. Didactic Poetry; Didactic poems are intended to teach moral or social lessons. 11. Pastoral Poetry: This type of poetry highlights the simple, communal lives of people in rural settings. 12. Limerick: Limericks are humorous five-line poems. 13. Romantic Poetry: Romantic poetry focuses on the beauty of nature, using imagery from the natural world to explore themes of love and admiration. Examples include Dover Beach. 14. Parody: A parody imitates another poet’s style, often to mock or criticize the original work. |
The students discuss all the types of poetry with the teacher and copy them in their notes. | Better understanding of types and elements of poetry. |
| The teacher explains Elements of Poetry with the students thus: 1. Diction: Diction refers to the choice of words a poet uses. Effective diction enhances understanding and ensures clarity in poetry. 2. Theme: The theme is the central message or subject matter of a poem. It is the core idea the poet wants to convey. 3. Tone: Tone reflects the poet’s attitude toward the subject of the poem, whether it is serious, playful, or sarcastic. 4. Mood: Mood refers to the overall emotional effect of a poem. It reflects the poet’s feelings and can vary from happy to sad, calm to angry. 5. Rhyme: Rhyme is the repetition of similar sounds at the end of lines in a poem, creating a pattern and enhancing its musical quality. An example of rhyme: “Love is not love (l) Which alters when its alteration finds (a) Or bends with the remover to remove (b)” 6. Poetic Devices: Poetic devices are the techniques poets use to create meaning and enhance their poems. Some common poetic devices include: (i) Diction: Word choice. (ii) Mood: Emotional effect. (iii) Tone: Poet’s attitude. (iv) Style: The unique way a poet writes. (v) Structure/Form: How a poem is organized. (vi) Figures of Speech: Simile, metaphor, personification, etc. (vii) Imagery: Descriptive language that appeals to the senses. (viii) Symbolism: Use of symbols to represent ideas. |
The students discuss all the elements of poetry with the teacher and copy them in their notes. | ||
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| STEP 4: APPLICATION Entire class |
The teacher ask the students to read through all they have copied and give more examples as directed by the teacher. They take corrections where they are wrong. | The students do what the teacher ask them to do. | Better understanding of Poetry, its types and elements. |
| STEP 5: EVALUATION Individual students |
The teacher asks the students questions to test them. 1. What is poetry? 2. Mention any five elements of poetry. 3. Give two examples of types of poetry. |
The students respond to the questions correctly. | Asking the learners questions to assess the achievement of the set objectives. |
| ASSIGNMENT | The teacher gives learners take home. 1) List and explain five poetic devices: 2) Differentiate between Imagery and Symbolism 2) Differentiate between Structure and Style 3) Differentiate between Tone and mood |
The learners copy the assignment | Better understanding of Poetry. |