drama
General Overview
Subject: Literature-in-English
Theme:
Topic: A General Overview (drama)
Sub Topic:
Date: dd/mm/yyyy
Class: S.S 3
Average Age: 16 years and above
Duration: 40 Minutes
No of Learners: 40
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Defined drama.
Drama is one of the three main genres of literature. Drama is a branch of literature that is meant to be acted on stage. It involves various characters who, through dialogue, carry out actions on stage. Drama represents life, but it is not complete until it is performed.2. List Types of Drama.
Drama can be categorized into several types, each having its unique features and tone: 1. Tragedy: A serious play with a sad ending, written in an elevated style. The protagonist often faces downfall due to a tragic flaw.Examples include Macbeth by Shakespeare and The Gods Are Not To Blame by Ola Rotimi.
2. Comedy: A light-hearted play with a happy ending. It focuses on amusing the audience and often contains humor.
An example is Our Husband Has Gone Mad Again.
3. Tragic-Comedy: A combination of both tragedy and comedy. The story may appear serious but ends happily.
An example is Shakespeare's Twelfth Night.
4. Farce: A humorous play that emphasizes absurdity and exaggerated characters to evoke laughter.
5. Epic Drama: Focuses on the heroic deeds of great men in history.
6. Melodrama: A play that is accompanied by music and is meant to evoke strong emotions, often concluding with a happy ending.
3. List and explain Elements of Drama:
1. Theme: The central idea or message that the playwright wants to convey.2. Setting: Refers to the location and time where the action of the play takes place.
3. Plot: The sequence of events or actions that make up the story.
4. Characters: The imaginary people created by the playwright, classified into major and minor roles.
5. Conflict: This is the struggle, argument or disagreement between two characters in a play mainly the protagonist and the antagonist. Conflict can be individual or societal type. It brings about suspens.
6. Soliloquy: A speech made by a character alone on stage, revealing their inner thoughts.
7. Protagonist: The main character around whom the story revolves.
8. Dialogue: The conversation between two or more characters in the play.
9. Climax: The point of highest tension in the play, where the action reaches its peak.
10. Suspense: A dramatic technique where the audience is left anticipating what will happen next.
11. Act: A major division in a play, often marking a shift in time, setting, or action.
4. Features of Drama:
a) Drama is divided into acts and scenes.b) The story is shown through the performance of actors and actresses.
c) It is theatrical, often involving a specific set of costumes and stage directions.
d) It includes elements like dialogue, plot, and character development.
4. Terms Used in Drama:
1) Playwright or Dramatist: The person who writes the play, like Wole Soyinka or Ola Rotimi.2) Epilogue: The conclusion of the play, summarizing the outcome of the events.
3) Flashback: A device used to present events that occurred earlier in the story.
4) Tragic Flaw (Hubris): The inborn defect or weakness in the protagonist that leads to their downfall.
5) Dramatic Irony: When the audience knows something that the characters do not, creating an element of suspense or humor.
6) Dramatic Monologue: A long speech made by a character to themselves or the audience, revealing their thoughts.
7) Villain: The antagonist or bad character in the play who opposes the protagonist.
8) Aside: A brief remark made by a character to the audience, not meant to be heard by other characters on stage.
9) Costume: The clothing worn by actors to portray their characters accurately.
9) Opera: A dramatic work in which most of the words are sung.
10) Theater: The place where performances take place, also referring to the entire dramatic art form.
11) Cast: All the actors and actresses involved in performing the play.
12) Prologue: An introduction to the play, giving the audience an idea of what to expect.
Rationale:
The transition from oral to written literature began with the invention of writing. This development allowed literary works to be recorded and passed down through generations, marking the beginning of written literature. Both oral and written forms of literature coexist today, with examples such as folktales, riddles, proverbs, novels, and plays.Prerequisite/ Previous knowledge:
Storyings, songs, history etc.Learning Resources:
Flash cards, an audio video youtube examples, Available useful objects.Reference Materials:
1. Exam focus on Literature in English by J.O.J Nwachukwu et’al.2. Standard literature in English vol.4 by Tony Duru
3. Ilozue R.O.C (2018) Authority on Literature in English for schools and colleges
4. Internet sources
Lesson Development:
STAGE |
TEACHER'S ACTIVITY |
LEARNER'S ACTIVITY |
LEARNING POINTS |
|---|---|---|---|
| STEP 1: INTRODUCTION Individual Student |
The teacher asks the student to mention various types of literature materials they have read. | The students mention various types of books they have read e.g. Novel, Poetry, Story books, play etc. | Identification of Prior Ideas |
| STEP 2: EXPLORATION Entire Class |
The teacher’s leads the students to understand that Drama is a branch of literature that is meant to be acted on stage. It involves various characters who, through dialogue, carry out actions on stage. Drama represents life, but it is not complete until it is performed. | The students should write down what the teacher explains and listen attentively. | Definition of Drama |
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| STEP 3: DISCUSSION Entire class |
The teacher display the chart and explain Types of Drama with the students thus: 1. Tragedy: A serious play with a sad ending, written in an elevated style. The protagonist often faces downfall due to a tragic flaw. Examples include Macbeth by Shakespeare and The Gods Are Not To Blame by Ola Rotimi. 2. Comedy: A light-hearted play with a happy ending. It focuses on amusing the audience and often contains humor. An example is Our Husband Has Gone Mad Again. 3. Tragic-Comedy: A combination of both tragedy and comedy. The story may appear serious but ends happily. An example is Shakespeare's Twelfth Night. 4. Farce: A humorous play that emphasizes absurdity and exaggerated characters to evoke laughter. 5. Epic Drama: Focuses on the heroic deeds of great men in history. 6. Melodrama: A play that is accompanied by music and is meant to evoke strong emotions, often concluding with a happy ending. |
The students discuss all the types of drama with the teacher and copy them in their notes. | Better understanding of types and elements of drama. |
| The teacher explains Elements of Drama with the students thus: 1. Theme: The central idea or message that the playwright wants to convey. 2. Setting: Refers to the location and time where the action of the play takes place. 3. Plot: The sequence of events or actions that make up the story. 4. Characters: The imaginary people created by the playwright, classified into major and minor roles. 5. Conflict: This is the struggle, argument or disagreement between two characters in a play mainly the protagonist and the antagonist. Conflict can be individual or societal type. It brings about suspens. 6. Soliloquy: A speech made by a character alone on stage, revealing their inner thoughts. 7. Protagonist: The main character around whom the story revolves. 8. Dialogue: The conversation between two or more characters in the play. 9. Climax: The point of highest tension in the play, where the action reaches its peak. 10. Suspense: A dramatic technique where the audience is left anticipating what will happen next. 11. Act: A major division in a play, often marking a shift in time, setting, or action. |
The students discuss all the elements of drama with the teacher and copy them in their notes. | ||
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| The teacher explains Features of Drama with the students thus: a) Drama is divided into acts and scenes. b) The story is shown through the performance of actors and actresses. c) It is theatrical, often involving a specific set of costumes and stage directions. d) It includes elements like dialogue, plot, and character development. |
The students discuss all the features of drama with the teacher and copy them in their notes. | ||
| The teacher explains Terms Used in Drama with the students thus: 1) Playwright or Dramatist: The person who writes the play, like Wole Soyinka or Ola Rotimi. 2) Epilogue: The conclusion of the play, summarizing the outcome of the events. 3) Flashback: A device used to present events that occurred earlier in the story. 4) Tragic Flaw (Hubris): The inborn defect or weakness in the protagonist that leads to their downfall. 5) Dramatic Irony: When the audience knows something that the characters do not, creating an element of suspense or humor. 6) Dramatic Monologue: A long speech made by a character to themselves or the audience, revealing their thoughts. 7) Villain: The antagonist or bad character in the play who opposes the protagonist. 8) Aside: A brief remark made by a character to the audience, not meant to be heard by other characters on stage. 9) Costume: The clothing worn by actors to portray their characters accurately. 9) Opera: A dramatic work in which most of the words are sung. 10) Theater: The place where performances take place, also referring to the entire dramatic art form. 11) Cast: All the actors and actresses involved in performing the play. 12) Prologue: An introduction to the play, giving the audience an idea of what to expect. |
The students discuss all the Terms Used in Drama with the teacher and copy them in their notes. | ||
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| STEP 4: APPLICATION Entire class |
The teacher ask the students to read through all they have copied and give more examples as directed by the teacher. They take corrections where they are wrong. | The students did what the teacher ask them to do. | Better understanding of Drama, its types, elements and terms use with drama. |
| STEP 5: EVALUATION Individual students |
The teacher asks the students questions to test them. 1. What is drama? 2. Mention any five elements of drama. 3. Give two examples of types of drama. 4. List and explain five terms use with drama. |
The students respond to the questions correctly. | Asking the learners questions to assess the achievement of the set objectives. |
| ASSIGNMENT | The teacher gives learners take home. Write a plot summary of the plays you read this term. |
The learners copy the assignment | Better understanding of Drama. |