TOURISM

WAEC SYLLABUS ON TOURISM

PREAMBLE

The syllabus is designed to evaluate the candidates’ knowledge and skills in the potentials available in the tourism industry. The syllabus is based on the assumption that not less than three teaching periods or 2 hours per week will be allocated to the subject during the senior secondary school course.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The examination will test candidates’ ability to:
(i) explain the concepts associated with tourism activities such as tourism, tourist, tourist attraction, tour operation, excursion, travel agency etc;
(ii) acquire knowledge of tourist attraction centres and their locations;
(iii) understand the financial, social and developmental benefits of tourism to a nation;
(iv) explain the tourism and cultural festivals of a nation;
(v) acquire the basic knowledge of the operations of travel agency and tour businesses;
(vi) understand the roles and functions of public and private agencies in tourism;
(vii) develop skills in tourism entrepreneurship.

FIELD WORK

The students should be exposed to field work through excursions to tourism industry sites such as airports, sea ports, beaches, landforms, game reserves, national parks, museums, hotels, tour agencies, etc on which they should be examined as part of their continuous assessment in schools. The scores for the field work should account for 40 per cent of the total continuous assessment scores of the students that will be forwarded to the examining body.

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

The subject will be examined as a composite paper made up of two papers-papers 1 & 2 to be answered in 2 hours 30 minutes.

PAPER 1:

will comprise 40 multiple choice questions drawn to cover the entire syllabus. Candidates will be required to answer all the questions in 40 minutes for 40 marks.

PAPER 2:

will consist of two Sections, A and B.

Section A:

will consist of ten restricted-response essay questions, all of which must be answered for 40 marks. Candidates are advised not to spend more than 50 minutes on this section.

Section B:

will consist of 5 essay type questions of which candidates will be expected to answer any 3 questions only for 60 marks in one hour.

DETAILED SYLLABUS
TOPICS
CONTENTS
NOTES
CONCEPTS AND TOURISM RESOURCES

Concepts

Definition of tourism, tourist, visitor, tour, operation, excursion, recreation, leisure, hospitality, travel etc.

Scope

Scope of tourism

History of tourism

History of tourism

Types of tourism

Types of tourism (domestic, international)

Tourism and travel business

Forms of tourism:
Incoming/inbound, out-coming /outbound, international, domestic, long haul, short haul, business, eco\environmental, cultural, religious/mistrial, sport, youth.

Components of tourism

Components: attraction, accessibility, amenities.

Tourist product

Definition of tourist product
Characteristics of tourist products (heterogeneous, intangible, immovable)

Tourist attractions in a nation

Tourist attractions and their locations:
- natural(national parks, scenic features, beaches, coasts, landforms etc)
- man-made( monuments, museums, palaces etc)
- social cultural (historical monuments, festivals, carnivals, sports etc)

Tourism statistics

Meaning of tourism statistics
- inflow (arrival)
- outflow (departure)
- expenditure pattern
- data collection
- importance of tourism statistics

Benefits of tourism

Economic benefits:
- financial
- taxes
- levies
- balance of payments
- foreign exchange earnings etc
Social benefits:
- cultural understanding
- job creation
- international co-operation
Developmental benefits:
(a) infrastructure
- road
- light
- water
- communication
(b) superstructure
- buildings
- flyovers
(c ) rural development
- preserves nature
- use of land

Festivals and heritages in a nation

Festivals in Nigeria:
- Argungu International Fishing Festival
- Oshogbo International Festival
- New yam festival
- Shao mass wedding
- Sharo festival
- Fare Wrestling Festival etc
Heritages in a nation
- Sakur world heritage site
- Museums and monument
- Art galleries
- Museums
- Palaces
- Gidan Makama
- Shrines
BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS IN TOURISM

Reasons for travel

Why people travel

Physiological factors:
- visit to friends and relations
- holidays
- health
Economic factors:
- business/shopping
- conference/meetings
- trade fare/exhibition
Social factors:
- religion
- sports
- beautiful natural sceneries
- fashion fare
- education
- self esteem

Travel agency business

Meaning of travel agency/agent

The roles/functions of a travel agent
- reservation
- ticketing
- visa procurement
- foreign exchange procurement etc
Qualities of a travel agent
- resourcefulness
- marketing skills
- honesty /integrity
- good communication skills
- timeliness
- vision
- managerial ability
- good understanding of ICT
- creativity etc

Tour operating business

Definition/ meaning of tour operator

Roles of a tour operator
- packaging
- marketing
- executing
Qualities of a tour operator
- honesty
- good public relations
- good marketing skills
- good financial standing
- good knowledge of the environment
- innovativeness
- good understanding of ICT etc

Support services

Support groups in travel business:
(i) financial support
insurance, banking, bureau de change
(ii) transport facilities/ car hire services
(iii) souvenir shops e.g. local crafts etc
(iv) accommodation\hotel and catering services
(v) health services e.g. first aid, clinics, hospitals etc
(vi) security services

Public agencies in tourism

Identification and roles of public agencies in tourism
(a) Federal Ministry of Tourism, Culture and National Orientation
(b) State Tourism Boards
(c) Local Government Tourism Committees
(d) Parastatals
- Nigerian Tourism Development Corporation (NTDC)
- policy implementation
- National Institute for Hospitality and Tourism (NIHOTOUR) Manpower development
- National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM) Preservation of heritages

Private agencies in tourism

Identification and roles of private tourism agencies in Nigeria
(a) Federation of Tourism Association of Nigeria (FTAN)- umbrella body for all private tourism agencies in Nigeria
(b) National Association of Nigeria Travel Agencies (NANTA)- regulates travel agencies
(c) Association of Nigerian Journalists and Writers on Tourism (ANTWT)-writes on tourism issues in national dailies and tourism magazines
(d) National Association of Tour Operators (NATOP)- regulates tour operating businesses
(e) Nigerian Hotels Association (NHA)
(f) Hospitality and Tourism Management Association of Nigeria (HATMAN)- umbrella body for all hospitality and tourism practitioners

Tourism marketing

Meaning of tourism marketing

Tourism marketing strategies:
- segmentation
- mass marketing
- niche marketing (new emerging markets)
Marketing tools in tourism
(a) electronic media
- television
- radio
(b) print media
- newspapers
- magazines
- journals
- publications
(c) fairs and exhibitions
- local fairs
- international fairs
(d) e-tourism
- internet services
- e-banking
- e-reservation
- electronic billboard

Entrepreneurship in tourism

Meaning of entrepreneurship
Meaning of cottage industries
Examples of cottage industries:
Leather works, ceramics and pottery, bread making, tie and dye, hair weaving, painting, cloth weaving, raffia weaving etc
Items produced in cottage industries:
- shoes, bags, wallet, belts etc.
- water pots, cooking pots, wall tiles, floor tiles etc.
- beads, ornaments, earrings etc.
- clothes, adire, kampalla etc.
- Jamaica beads, Ghana beads,chuku etc.
- Akwa-ocha, aso ofi, aso oke, akwete etc.
- Cane chairs, broom, raffia beds etc.

Service delivery in tourism

Meaning of service delivery

Service delivery in tourism:
- tour guards, ticket retailers, cooks waiters, photographers, cultural dancers, drivers, game guards, reservation officers etc.

Skill acquisition

Definition of skills

Skill acquisition centres in a nation:
- Small and Medium Enterprise Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN)
- National Directorate of Employment (NDE)
- National Institute for Hospitality and Tourism (NIHOTOUR)
- National Institute for Cultural Orientation (NICO)
- Ushafa Pottery Centre etc

SUGGESTED READING LIST

The Geography of Travel and Tourism, 3rd Edition

Brian Boniface and Christopher Cooper (2001)
Published by Butterworth-Henneiman. London

Tourism Principle and Practice

Clins Cooper, John Fletcher, Alam Fyall, David Gilbert and Stephen Wallhill (2009) 2nd Edition
Published by Pehentice Hall.London.

Travel Vision: A Practical Guide for the Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry

Jeanne Semer Purzycki (2000)
Published by Prechentice Hall.

An Introduction to Transport Studies, 3rd Edition

John Hibbs (2000)
Published by Kogan Yak.


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